Acting Appreciation
I recently came across a compelling article by Tomas Weber in the November 2024 issue of Smithsonian Magazine titled "The Role of His Life," which details the remarkable and tragic journey of Austrian-American actor Lionel Royce, born Leon Moriz Reiss.
The story of Royce, a Jewish actor who survived the rise of Nazi Germany by assuming the identity of an Aryan Alpine farmer, is one of resilience, deception, and survival through performance. Weber’s account provides a fascinating look at how Royce leveraged his acting skills not just for his career, but for his very survival.
Born on March 30, 1891, in Galicia—now part of western Ukraine—Reiss grew up in Vienna and found early success in the German and Austrian theater scene. Under the stage name Leo Reuss, he became a well-regarded actor, sharing stages with the likes of Bertolt Brecht and mingling with leftist intellectuals.
His talent and charisma also led to a relationship with celebrated German actress Agnes Straub. However, the Nazi rise to power in 1933 marked the beginning of a harrowing period for Jewish artists like Reuss. Antisemitic policies forced him out of German theaters, and by 1935, after a humiliating incident in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland), he found himself blacklisted from performing.
Facing a future lack of opportunity in Austria as the antisemitic laws took effect, Reuss devised a daring plan to conceal his Jewish identity. He transformed himself into "Kaspar Brandhofer," a simple Alpine farmer, going as far as bleaching his hair and adopting the dialect and mannerisms of an uneducated rural man.
With forged identity papers from a real farmer named Kaspar Altenberger, he auditioned for Vienna’s prestigious Josefstadt Theater, securing a role that won critical acclaim. Even after his true identity was revealed, many saw his deception as an artistic and political act, highlighting the absurdity of Nazi racial ideology. However, exposure meant danger, and by 1937, he was forced to flee.
Royce made his way to Hollywood, where he reinvented himself once again—this time as a film actor. MGM offered him a contract, and he soon became known for playing Nazi officers in anti-Nazi propaganda films.
Over the course of his career in America, he appeared in more than 40 films, using his craft to contribute to the war effort against the very regime that had sought to destroy him. However, tragedy followed him; his first wife, Stefanie, was murdered in Auschwitz, and his longtime companion, Agnes Straub, died in a car accident in Berlin.
Despite his success in Hollywood, much of his personal history was lost in translation, and his Jewish heritage was largely omitted from the public record.
In 1946, Royce passed away while entertaining U.S. troops in the Philippines, a final act of service that reflected his lifelong dedication to performance. His obituaries largely ignored his Jewish background and the extraordinary deception that had enabled his survival.
Sources:
Wikipedia
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-nazis-seized-power-this-jewish-actor-took-on-role-life-180985228/
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0747309/